1.2-+A+World+of+Many+Languages+-+general+knowledge+(Ss)

=** LANGUAGE= **** CULTURE **=
 * KNOWLEDGE**=

THIS IS WHAT WE WANT TO FIGHT AGAINST:
= **[|IGNORANCE]** =

= **DID YOU KNOW THAT...** =

= __**Hans Christian Andersen:**__ =

=
**Hans Christian Andersen was a Danish writer of books for young people. Hans was born in the middle of a poor family and, despite the difficulties, his parents could give him a normal education, and he entered the "Copenhagen institute".** =====

=
**Stories such as "The Little Mermaid" "The Little Match Girl" and "The Ugly Duckling" became popular and are widely read. In the Copenhagen harbor there is a statue of "The Little Mermaid" placed in honor of Hans Christian Andersen.** ===== **Rita Ladeira, no.26, 10ºF**

Sign Language!
How about the people that are deaf? How to they speak? Instead of sound patterns, they use visual transmitted sign patterns (combined hands, body and arms movements with facial expressions) known as ** Sign Language, **and it's a total different language (a really complex one, by the way). Hundreds of different signs are used all around the world but they aren't appart from oral languages. [|Sign Language]
 * This is a video where you can learn a little bit of Sign language:**

**Maria Santos nº21 10ºB**
__ Alfred Nobel __ Nobel signed his last will and testament and set aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes, to be awarded annually without distinction of nationality. The first three were awarded for eminence in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine. Today, there are much of these prizes, also for Literature, Peace, Economics(this one is not a Nobel-related prize, it´s awarded by a Science Organization is Sweden, in memory of Alfred Nobel), awarded annually for the best people in one of those specific areas. He died of a stroke on 10 December 1896 in Sanremo, Italy. [|A video of all Alfred´s Life] (little bit long)
 * Alfred Bernhard Nobel** was a Swedish chemist, engineer and scientist. Nobel invented the dynamite, glignite and ballistite.

**Pedro Pereira, 10ºF, no.25**
=__**Angela Merkel**__ = Angela Dorothea Kasner was born on July 17th, 1954 in Hamburg, Germany. Her father was a pastor, her mother was a teacher and she grew up in a rural area north of Berlin. In 1990 she joined the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) political party and soon after was appointed to Helmut Kohl's cabinet as minister for women and youth. In the 2005 election she narrowly defeated Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, winning by just three seats. Merkel is the first female Chancellor of Germany. In 2007, she became the second woman to chair the G8 (The Group of Eight - a forum created by France in 1975 for the governments of the most powerful countries of the world) after Margaret Thatcher. In November 2011 she became the longest-serving leader of a G8 country.
 * BY: Carolina Piloto, nº1, 10ºF**

=**__ Tomas Tranströmer __**= ====He was born on 15, April 1931 in Estocolmo and is a Swedish writer, poet and translator. His poesy is very influenced in the world and he is poems are translated into more than thirty languages. At the age of 23, he started his career as a poet and his first book was “Se 17 dikter” (dikter=poems). Tranströmer's work is also characterized by a sense of mystery and wonder underlying the routine of everyday life, a quality which often gives his poems a religious dimension. He was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literarure.====

**This is a video where you can learn about Tomas's life: []**
**BY: Leonor Bandeira, nº 18, 10ºB** = Albert Einstein is for me one of the greatest physicists in history of our world he was born in Germany in 1879and died aged 76 in 1955. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the photoelectric effect. One of his quotes that i love is this " = Two things are infinite : the universe and human stupidity. But as regards the universe , has not gained the absolute certainty." **By: Nuno Ferreira, nº24, 10ºD** **Björk** **Björk** is an Icelandic singer-songwriter, borned in 21 November 1965. Her music tends to be quite eclectic and often challenging. She entered in the music business when she was eleven with her study of classical piano in elementary school. She was also a member of the band KUKL ("sorcery" in Icelandic). **Beatriz, nº5 10ºF** =** PRINCESS DIANA **= media type="custom" key="11378018" width="140" height="140"

====// Diana Spencer was born on July 1, 1961 near Sandringham, England.She's the daughter of Edward John Spencer and Frances Ruth Rochebruk .T hey eventually divorced when she was young .S he became Lady Diana Spencer in on 1975 , after his father having given the title to EarlSpencer , they eventually married in July 19, 1981. They had two sons, William and Charles , but divorced in 1996. Pr incess Diana ended up dying one year after divorce in a car accident while trying to escape the paparazzi in Paris on the night of August 30 .// **BY:****Inês Marques 10ºO **====

== == It could be said that Marilyn Monroe was just a 1950s actress, but to millions of people around the world, she embodied the role of the glamorous sex symbol. Her image has become one of the most famous Hollywood icons of the twentieth century. Marilyn Monroe is known the world over, and people love her not just for her beauty, but also for her tragic story. The public loved and still love Marilyn Monroe .There is no doubt that Monroe holds the title of the most famous woman of the twentieth century. ==//"I'm selfish, impatient and a little insecure. I make mistakes, I am out of control and at times hard to handle. But if you can't handle me at my worst, then you sure as hell don't deserve at my best." //==
 * MARILYN MONROE 1926-1962 **
 * Ana Azevedo Pinto - 10ºD :) **

He’s a very famous and awarded British director and sometimes script-writer, born in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada in August 16, 1954.
==== He directed two of the biggest blockbuster films of all times: Avatar, a film that had a huge success and Titanic, which everybody knows.He’s considered one of best film-makers working with special effects, as well as including female main characters in his films.He debuted as a director with Xenogenesis (1978), ad has now a long list of films he produced, directed and wrote. Between some many other we can find Rambo: First Blood Part II, Aliens, The Terminator, True lies… ====

** BY ANA RITA 10ºF **
=**__ Mahatma Gandhi __**=

[[image:gppesam10thbcdfo/399px-Portrait_Gandhi.jpg width="119" height="179" align="left"]]
= =  Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October, 1869 in the city of Porbandar in India. His father was a local politician, and his mother was a devout Vaishnava( a form of Hinduism). He was a vegetarian. He studied law in England. Gandhi was the creator and founder of the modern Indian state and the greatest defender of Satyagraha ( principle of non-aggression, non -violent protest) as a means of revolution. He made many revolutions ( non-aggression) to try to win the independence of India, and 15th August , 1947 he was successful. In 1948 he was assassinated. ** By: Filipe Almeida 10º B  **

__** Martin Luther King **__
media type="youtube" key="3ank52Zi_S0?version=3" height="254" width="373" align="left" King was born on 15 January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His father was a Baptist minister, his mother a schoolteacher. Originally named Michael, he was later renamed Martin.On the evening of April 4, 1968, while standing on the balcony of his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was to lead a protest march in sympathy with striking garbage workers of that city, he was assassinated.
 * Martin Luther King was an American clergyman, Nobel Peace Prize winner and one of the principal leaders of the United States civil rights movement. **

** Laura nº17 10ºB **

= **Robin Söderling** =


 * I have to confess that I had no idea who he was, but after looking him up, I found out that Söderling is one of the best Tennis Players in the world! He’s just 27 years old, he’s from Sweden and he started his fantastic career in 2001. **
 * Since then, he gradually improved his performances and kept winning challenges and tournaments throughout the years, until he did the extraordinary achievement of beating Rafael Nadal at the well-known tournament of ‘Roland Garros’ in 2009. But he didn’t stop there! On the following year, 2010, he won to the nº1 of the world, Roger Federer, at the quarter-finals of the same tournament, reaching the finals, where he lost to Rafael Nadal. **
 * Currently, he’s amongst the best of the world, being one of the world’s 5 best players. We all should keep an eye on this fantastic athlete, Robin Söderling! " **

Mikhail Gorbachev- The fall of the Berlin wall
Gorbachev was the Russian communist responsible for the end of the Cold War. He initiated a movement to tear the Berlin wall (constructed by the German Democratic Republic) down (9th November of 1989) without violence, supported by Ronald Reagan. Gorbachev believed that if he had used violence he would have initiated a world war. The movement he created, ended the U.R.S.S (1991). In December 25 of the same year, he resigns as president. Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990, and he never came back to politics afterwards. =** Ana Catarina 10ºB **=


 * William Shakespeare **

William Shakespeare was born in Stratford- upon- Avon on April 26, 1564 and died in the same place on Ap ril 23, 1616. He was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and most influential playwright of the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages ​​of the globe, and are staged more than any other. Many of his texts and themes, especially the theater , remained alive to this day , and revisited often in theater , television, film and literature. His best known works are " Romeo and Juliet" and " Hamlet." There are few records of his private life, and there are many speculations on subjects such as physical appearance , sexuality, religious beliefs, and some of the works attributed to himwere written by other authors. Quote from "Romeo and Juliet": // «Eyes, look your last! // // Arms, take your last embrace! And lips, oh you // // The doors of breath, seal with a righteous kiss  // // A dateless bargain to engrossing death!»  //
 * Francisca Reis, 10ºD **

**Grace Patricia (November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982) was an Oscar-winning American film actress who, as a result of marriage to Prince Rainier III of Monaco on April 19, 1956, became Her Serene Highness Princess Grace of Monaco.** **Few women have had as enduring an impact on fashion as Grace Kelly. Almost three decades after her passing, her name is still synonymous with impeccable chic and effortless elegance.** **“I would like to be remembered as someone who accomplished useful deeds, and who was a kind and loving person. I would like to leave the memory of a human being with a correct attitude and who did her best to help others.”** =**BY: CAROLINA SANTOS 10F**= = = =**Mikhail Gorbachev- The fall of the Berlin wall**= =**Ana Catarina 10ºB**=
 * Grace KELLY **
 * Gorbachev was the Russian communist responsible for the end of the Cold War. He initiated a movement to tear the Berlin wall (constructed by the German Democratic Republic) down (9th November of 1989) without violence, supported by Ronald Reagan. **
 * Gorbachev believed that if he had used violence he would have initiated a world war. The movement he created, ended the U.R.S.S (1991). In December 25 of the same year, he resigns as president. **
 * Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990, and he never came back to politics afterwards. **

**AVA GARDNER**


=== **Ava Lavinia Gardner** was born on December 24, 1922 and died on January 25, 1990. Known for her beauty and acting skills she became very famous in Hollywood in the 50's as one of the best actress of the time. She grow up in the small farming community of N orth Carolina with her two brothers and four sisters. At 13 years old she moved to Virginia to try her luck and she really got it. Larry Tarr, a professional photographer, took her first portrait and he was so pleased with the results that he displayed the final product in the front window of his Tarr Photography Studio on 25th Avenue. After that, Gardner grown up in the cinema area and won several awards. She was also nominated for many titles. She died with a disease caused by tobacco at the age of 67 years old. ===

**Beatriz Dias nº6 10ºB** = **Emma Watson** = === Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson is a British actress and model. Emma was born on April 15, in 1990 and is known for playing Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter film series. She was cast as Hermione at the age of nine, having previously acted only in school plays. From 2001 to 2011, she starred in all eight Harry Potter films. All of the movies had a lot of sucess and showed to the world how talented Emma is.The truth is that her work in the series has earned her several awards. In 2009 she begun to work as a model for Burberry's Autumn/Winter collection. Her latest work was for People Tree's Autumn/Winter collection in 2010. ===

** __Waris Dirie__ **
===This beautiful somali model was born in 1965. In her three years sufferer female genital mutilation, and eight years later run away of the village where she lived with her family, because her father forced her to married with a man with sixty years. Alone, across the desert, suffered hunger and thirst until the day that arrived to Mogadíscio, the capital of Somália, where found her grandmother, who managed the granddaughter of oportunity go to london work. In London, while working, was observed by a photographer, who invited her to be a model. Waris became an defender of fight for stopping doing the female genital mutilation.She wrote some books about her experience of life, and exist a foundation with her name. ===

//"When I was a child I said: "I do not want to be a woman. Why, if it so painfull?" Lets just try to change what means to be a woman"//
__ SIGMUND FREUD 1856-1939 __
 * //Marta Riquito nº23 10ºB//**

<span style="color: #23262a; display: block; font-family: tahoma,geneva,sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was a physiologist, medical doctor and influential thinker of the early twentieth century. Working at the start in close collaboration with Joseph Breuer, Freud elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy-system, the structural investigation of which is the proper state of psychology. He articulated and refined the concepts of the unconscious, infantile sexuality and repression, and he projected a tripartite account of the mind’s structure—all as part of a radically new conceptual and therapeutic frame of reference for the understanding of human psychological development and the treatment of abnormal mental conditions. However, the multiple manifestations of psychoanalysis as it exists today, it can in almost all fundamental respects be traced directly back to Freud’s original work. __ Freud Quotes: __“A man who has been the indisputable favorite of his mother keeps for life the feeling of a conqueror.”“America is a mistake, a giant mistake.” “Civilization began the first time an angry person cast a word instead of a rock. ” ** Inês Neto no. 17 10ºD **

Dalai Lama
 * His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, is the spiritual leader of Tibet. He was born on 6 July 1935, to a farming family, in a small hamlet located in Taktser, Amdo, northeastern Tibet. At the age of two the child, who was named Lhamo Dhondup at that time was recognized as the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso. The Dalai Lamas are believed to be manifestations of Avalokiteshvara or Chenrezig, the Bodhisattva of Compassion and patron saint of Tibet. Bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who have postponed their own nirvana and chosen to take rebirth in order to serve humanity.**
 * More info: http://www.dalailama.com/**
 * Zé Miguel 10ºD Nº21**

Oprah Winfrey was born in the United States (Mississippi), a religious family. The parents were unmarried teenagers. The father was in the military, when Oprah was born, the mother after birth, went north and Oprah is raised by her grandmother. Her grandmother taught her to read before 3 years and took it to the church, where Oprah picks up the nickname "The Preacher," because of the ability to recite Bible verses. At nine years of age, Oprah is victim of child abuse by his uncle and cousin. Despite the difficult life, Oprah has always been dedicated to many studies, where at age 13 won a scholarship to Nicolet High School. But at age 14 runs away from home, gets pregnant and the child dies after birth. **Mafalda 10ºF**

**Frank Sinatra** ** Francis Albert "Frank" Sinatra was born on the 12th December 1915 and died on the 14th May 1998. Frank Sinatra was an American singer and actor. **** Beginning his musical career in the swing era with Harry James and Tommy Dorsey, Sinatra became an unprecedentedly successful solo artist 1940s, after being signed to Columbia Records in 1943. Being the idol of the "bobby soxers", he released his first album, //The Voice of Frank Sinatra// in 1946. His professional career had stalled by the 1950s, but it was reborn after he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in //From Here to Eternity//. **** He signed with Capitol Records and released several critically lauded albums (such as //In the Wee Small Hours//, //Songs for Swingin' Lovers//, //Come Fly with Me//, //Only the Lonely// and //Nice 'n' Easy//). Sinatra left Capitol to found his own record label, Reprise Records (finding success with albums such as //Ring-A-Ding-Ding//, //Sinatra at the Sands// and //Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim//), toured internationally, was a founding member of the Rat Pack and fraternized with celebrities and statesmen, including John F. Kennedy. Sinatra turned 50 in 1965, recorded the retrospective //September of My Years//, starred in the Emmy-winning television special //Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music//, and scored hits with "Strangers in the Night" and "My Way". **

[]


 * Margarida Mota 10ºO**

Audrey Hepburn Born on May 4, 1928 in Belgium, Audrey Hepburn was a British actress and humanitarian. She loved dancing, so she studied ballet in Arnhem. But her dream was to embody new character. In 1953, she playing a princess in her first starring role, “Roman Holiday”, that made her win an Oscar. Since 1953 to 1967, Audrey made several movies and was considered one of great screen actresses of Hollywood’s Golden Age who received nominations for Academy Awards, Golden Globes and BAFTAS’s. Her extraordinary and special gift for cinema made her be fluent in numerous languages, like Dutch, French, English, Italian... and in 1961 she cemented her status as a fashion icon when she immortalized a little black Givenchy dress in the film “Breakfast at Tiffany’s”. Audrey had a fantastic and unique talent. At the age of 63, Audrey Hepburn died of colorectal cancer, in Tolochenaz, Vaud, Switzerland. And... we never should forget her, because Audrey is the history of cinema.**BY: JESSICA SANTOS 10ºD**

**ISAAC NEWTON** **Isaac Newton was born on January 4th of 1643, in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire.** **He studied in Triniity College, of Cambridge, where he found an effervescence environment in the scientific field, from the works of Copernicus, Kepler and Descartes. In his notebook of 1664, titled "Quaestiones quaedam philosophicae" (Certain Philosophical Questions), the young man Newton already revealed a new conception of nature which it would be the basics of the called Scientific revolution. He graduated in 1665 and, with the closing of the university because of a plague, he came back to his hometown, where he reviewed everything he had studied and formulated most of his theories, being the Gravitation Theory one of them** INÊS OLIVEIRA 10ºF = __**Alexander Pope**__ =

Alexander Pope was an English Poet, who was born on 21 May of 1968 and died on 30 May 1744. He is well known by his satirical verses. In 1709 was about to begin a huge career when Pope's //Pastorals// was published in the sixth part of Tonson's Poetical Miscellanies.

He also wrote famous poems like “An essay on Criticism”, “Essay on a Man” and many others.

= **William Wilberforce** = was born in 24 august 1759. He was a britan politican, a philanthropist and a leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade. It was maid a movie in his honor call “Amazing Grace”, the movie tells us how much he fight to above the slave trade, and is thank to this man that now a days a lot of people are free. Here you can see the trailer of the movie : []

**GISELA 10ºB**
=** VIRGINIA WOOLF **=

Virginia Woolf was a british novelist and critic whose poetic style contributed for the modern contemporary novels. Member of the Bloomsbury group, a group of artists and intellectuals who fought against political and literature restrictions, she wrote many biographies and essays and published books defending the rights of women. Her most known books are Orlando (1928) and The Waves (1931). She died in 1941, when she committed suicide. The movie The Hours, inspired in on of her novels called Mrs Dalloway, won an oscar.


 * BY: ANA JORGE 10ºD**

=**__Barack Hussein Obama__**= == = = =** was born on August 4, 1961, to a white American mother and a black Ken **** yan father. Obama’s parents met in 1960 at the University of Hawaii, where his father was a foreign student on scholarship. The couple married on February 2, 1961, and divorced in 1964. He was brought up largely by his maternal grandparents. His father died in an **** automobile accident in 1982. Obama attended Columbia University, but found New York’s racial tension inescapable. So, he then attended Harvard Law School. He turned down a prestigious judicial clerkship and chosen to practise civil rights law in Chicago. However, in 2004 Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat and gained national attention. So, in 2008 he ran for President, and despite having only four years of political experience he won. Americans placed their faith in Barack Obama and turned out their backs on a part of slavery and segregation, electing him as the first African-American to the U.S. Presidency. **= =**By: Cátia Marques nº11 10ºD**=

**Robert De Niro**

<span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: left;">Robert De Niro is tought as one of the bests actors of his time, he was born in new york city in 1943, is an american actor, director and producer. He was trained at the Stella Adler Conservatory and the American Workshop. He first gained fame for his role in __//Bang//__ __//the drum slowly (1973)//__. In 1974 De Niro received an academy award for best supporting actor for his role on //__The Godfather: Part II (1974)__//, and received Academy Award nomination for best actor in //__Taxi Driver (1976)__//, //__The Deep Hunter (1978)__//, and //__Cape Fear (1991)__//. He won the best actor award in 1980 for //__Ranging Bull (1980)__//. De Niro currently heads his own production company, Tribeca Film Center, and made his directorial debut in 1993 with //__Bronx Tale (1993)__//.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: 21px; text-align: left;">De Niro is the most represented actor, according the 5th edition of 1001 Movies You Must Before You Die by 14 films. Included are the De Niro films __//Goodfellas (1990)//__, __//Casino (1995)//__, __//Once upon a time in America (1984)//__, __//Meet the Parents (2000)//__, __//The Untouchables (1987)//__, __//Heat (1995)//__, __//Brazil (1985)//__, __//Novecento (1976)//__, //__Mean Streets (1973)__//, //__The King o Comedy (1983)__// and the movies previously written.

<span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">João Esteves, nº14, 10ºB

= **Jimmy Page** =



Jimmy Page was born in Heston, Middlesex, England, on the 9th of January 1944.

He started playing guitar at the age of 12 and appeared in a talent quest show on BBC with a skiffle quartet, He left school and played with several bands and artist, and worked as a session guitarrist. In 1966 he became bass player for the Yardbirds, a popular rock band at the time, but later switched to lead guitar. The band ended up splitting in 1968 due to creative differences. Page then joined John Paul Jones (Bass), Robert Plant (Vocals) and John Bonham (Drums) and formed Led Zeppelin, known as the greatest band ever, with hits like "Stairway to Heaven" and "Whole Lotta Love" that influenced many bands and artists. Led Zeppelin later split in 1980 after the death of drummer John Bonham. Jimmy Page was recently considered the 3rd Best Guitarist Ever by the Rolling Stone Magazine.

Music is a also great example of the importance of a language, showing us the power of words in a language.

media type="youtube" key="Efm9P94djQM" height="315" width="560" = //**Steve Vai**// =

==== Born on June 6, 1960, Vai became interested in the guitar via legendary artists as Jimi Hendrix and Led Zeppelin when he was a teenager. Steve Vai, along with his teacher Joe Satriani, set the standard for rock guitar virtuosity in the '80s. Playing in several local bands, Vai picked up on the instrument very quickly, and in the age of 18 he was attending Berklee School of Music in Boston. ==== ==== The early 21st century saw very many of releases from Vai, including a compilation of instrumentals, The 7th Song: Enchanting Guitar Melodies Archive, in 2000, and his first full-length live release, Alive in an Ultra World, in 2001. ====

=
In 2010, Steve performed with the North Netherlands Orchestra, debuting some new compositions that fused rock music with orchestral arrangements. Vai also made several television appearances in 2010, performing on **The Tonight Show** and on **American Idol**. Steve Vai can be considered a six-string wizard :) =====

=Michael Geral Tyson was born in New York.Because of small crimes he goes to a reformatory in 1979 where he meet the coach"CUS D Amato,under whose custody leaves the institution the following years.After a successful amateur carrer is more professional .In 1989 won 14 fights ,11 of them by knockout in the first round.In 1986 became world champion by the world boxing council and the following year, the world boxing association (WBA) and international boxing federation.= =Afonso Pinto= =Nº1= =10ºO=
 * 1) **Mary Nº20 10ºB**
 * =<range type="comment" id="284080">[[image:Mike_Tyson.jpg]] American boxer (30/06/1966)-He is the youngest boxer to win the world heavyweight title at 20 years old.=

=**Jason Russell**=

===Jason "Radical" Russell is a co-founder of Invisible Children, as well as our grand storyteller and dreamer. His sparks of creative intelligence and insanity have propelled IC to redefine the concept of humanitarian work, offering new life to old hope. A filmmaker by trade, Jason graduated from the University of Southern California's film school with a degree in Cinema Production.===

To know better what he is doing,you have to see this video :
[]

Ricardo Marques 10ºO nº11